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БОЛЬШАЯ ЛЕНИНГРАДСКАЯ БИБЛИОТЕКА - РЕФЕРАТЫ - Курсовая: Технологический процесс изготовления детали "Корпус" (WinWord&Autocad R12)Курсовая: Технологический процесс изготовления детали "Корпус" (WinWord&Autocad R12)Iineianeee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Oaoie/aneee Oieaa?neoao eiaie I. Y. AaoiaiaEo?niaie i?iaeo ii oaia Oaoiieiae/aneee i?ioeann ecaioiaeaiey aeaoaee Ei?ion nooaeaio Ae?iaiaic A. A. a?oiia IN-2-71 ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?iaeoa ?oaeaiei I. ?. __________________________________________________________IAOO 1997 a. Niaea?aeaiea: ?an/ao oaoiieiae/iinoe aeaoaee ......................................................... ?an/ao i?eioneia ia ia?aaioeo e iia?aoeeiiiuo ?acia?ia aeaoaee .......... ?an/ao ?aaeeiia ?acaiey .................................................................. ?ac?aaioea ia?o?ooa oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna ................................ I?iaeoe?iaaiea i?eniiniaeaiee ....................................................... Nienie eeoa?aoo?u ........................................................................ . ?an/ao oaoiieiae/iinoe aeaoaee. Iaania/aiea oaoiieiae/iinoe eiino?oeoeee ecaeaeey yaeyaony iaeiie ec iniiaiuo ooieoeee aaeeiie nenoaiu oaoiieiae/aneie iiaeaioiaee i?iecaiaenoaa (ANOII). Aiaeec oaoiieiae/iinoe a i?eai?ino?iaiee i?iecaiaeeony eae aeey ecaeaeey a oeaeii, oae e aeey ioaeaeueiuo aeaoaeae. ?acee/atho ea/anoaaiioth e eiee/anoaaiioth ioeaiee oaoiieiae/iinoe. Eiee/anoaaiii oaoiieiae/iinoue eiino?oeoeee ioeaieaaaony ii eiiieaeniiio iieacaoaeth, ii?aaeaeyaiiio eae niaieoiiinoue /anoiuo iieacaoaeae oaoiieiae/iinoe n o/aoii eo aaniauo eiyooeoeeaioia: Eo - eiiieaeniue iieacaoaeue oaoiieiae/iinoe; ki - /anoiue iieacaoaeue oaoiieiae/iinoe; i - eiyooeoeeaio aaniiinoe /anoiiai iieacaoaey oaoiieiae/iinoe; n - eiee/anoai /anoiuo iieacaoaeae oaoiieiae/iinoe. Ii?aaeaeaiea /anoiuo iieacaoaeae oaoiieiae/iinoe aeaoaeae i?iecaiaeeony ia iniiaa iiyeaiaioiiai aiaeeca eiino?oeoeee aeaoaeae n o/aoii i?eiyoiai niiniaa eo ecaioiaeaiey e aeaea iaoa?eaea. Eiiieaeniue iieacaoaeue oaoiieiae/iinoe Eo aeieaeai auoue ?aaai o. i. ii?iaoeaiiio iieacaoaeth oaoiieiae/iinoe. I?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea ?an/aoiuo eiyooeoeeaioia oaoiieiae/iinoe aiciiaeii ii aeaoi iai?aaeaieyi: 1. I?e ?ac?aaioea iiaiai ecaeaeey eiyooeoeeaiou Eo aeieaeiu i?aauoaoue o. i. aaciaua cia/aiey, eioi?ua caaeathony a ?oeiaiaeyueo oeacaieyo ii eiino?oe?iaaieth e oi?ie?othony ii ?acoeueoaoai ?an/aoia eiyooeoeeaioia oaoiieiae/iinoe aeaoaeae-aiaeiaia, oa?aeoa?iuo aeey iniauaiey aeaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey a eiie?aoiie io?anee i?iiuoeaiiinoe. 2. I?e aianaiee eciaiaiee a eiino?oeoeeth aeaoaee, iaoiaeyuaeny a i?iecaiaenoaa, ?an/aoiue eiyooeoeeaio oaoiieiae/iinoe Eo aeey aeaoaee eciaiaiiie eiino?oeoeee aeieaeai i?aauoaoue ii?iaoeaiua cia/aiey. Oaae. 1. Eiyooeoeeaiou aaniiinoe /anoiuo iieacaoaeae oaoiieiae/iinoe. Iaeiaiiaaiea /anoiiai iieacaoaey oaoiieiae/iinoeIaicia/aieaAaniaua eiyooeoeeaiou 1.Iieacaoaeue ia?aaaouaaaiinoe iaoa?eaea.Eii0.52.Iieacaoaeue neiaeiinoe eiino?oeoeee aeaoaee.Ene0.73.Eiyooeoeeaio oi/iinoe e oa?ioiaaoinoe iiaa?oiinoae aeaoaee.Eiia0.64.Iieacaoaeue oieoeeaoeee eiino?oeoeaiuo yeaiaioia.Eoy0.75.Iieacaoaeue eniieueciaaiey iaoa?eaeaEei1.0 Oaae.2. Ii?iaoeaiua cia/aiey eiiieaeniuo iieacaoaeae oaoiieiae/iinoe. Oaea a?auaieyI?i/ea aeaoaeei?aoeaceiiiuaia i?aoeaceiiiuai?aoeaceiiiuaia i?aoeaceiiiua0.700.850.650.80 Iieacaoaeue ia?aaaouaaaiinoe iaoa?eaea (Eii). Iiae ia?aaaouaaaiinoueth iaoa?eaeia aoaeai iiieiaoue eo niiniaiinoue iiaeaeaaaoueny ia?aaioea ?aaeoueie eino?oiaioaie i?e iioeiaeueiuo ?aaeeiao e oneiaeyo ?acaiey. I?eiyoi n/eoaoue, /oi iaoa?eae iaeaaeaao oi?ioae ia?aaaouaaaiinoueth, anee i?e ?acaiee yoiai iaoa?eaea eciin eino?oiaioa, neeu ?acaiey e oa?ioiaaoinoue ia?aaioaiiie iiaa?oiinoe iaeu. ?acaiea iaoa?eaeia, iaeaaeathueo oi?ioae ia?aaaouaaaiinoueth, oa?aeoa?ecoaony eaaeei ioaeaeaieai no?oaeee. Eiee/anoaaiiay ioeaiea ia?aaaouaaaiinoe cao?oaeiaia aneaaenoaea iaiaeiicia/iinoe iiiyoey. *aua anaai i?eiaiytho iaoiae, iniiaaiiue ia eeanne/aneie oi?ioea Oaeei?a: , aaea V - nei?inoue ?acaiey, i/iei: O - noieeinoue eino?oiaioa, iei; n - iieacaoaeue noaiaie; n - iinoiyiiay, caaenyuay io oneiaee ia?aaioee. Iiae noieeinoueth eino?oiaioa iiieiatho i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie, a oa/aiee eioi?iai eciin eino?oiaioa aeinoeaaao o. i. e?eoa?ey eciina, /eneaiiua cia/aiey eioi?iai aeey anao aiciiaeiuo oneiaee ia?aaioee i?eaiaeyony a ni?aai/iie eeoa?aoo?a. I?e aeinoeaeaiee eino?oiaioii e?eoa?ey eciina ?acei aic?anoaao neea ?acaiey e oa?ioiaaoinoue ia?aaioaiiie iiaa?oiinoe. Nouanoaoao iiiyoeeiue aiia?ao, naycaiiue ni noaiaea?oiie noieeinoueth eino?oiaioa, ?aaiie, iai?eia?, 60 ieiooai. Niioaaonoaothuay nei?inoue ?acaiey iaicia/aaony eae V60. Iaeaieaa oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaia oeaea, iniiaaiiay ia i?eiyoee a ea/anoaa yoaeiiiiai iaoa?eaea noaee 45. Oiaaea ia?aaaouaaaiinoue ethaiai iaoa?eaea iiaeao auoue au?aaeaia /a?ac o. i. eiyooeoeeaio ioiineoaeueiie ia?aaaouaaaiinoe (K). Ii iicaieyao oe?oiiaii ioeaieaaoue ia?aaaouaaaiinoue oiai eee eiiai iaoa?eaea, ia i?eieiay ai aieiaiea iniaaiiinoe, naycaiiua n i?eiaiaieai ?acee/iuo eino?oiaioaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia, a oaeaea n aiciiaeiie iaiaoiaeeiinoueth iaania/aiey ?acee/iie oa?ioiaaoinoe ia?aaioaiiie iiaa?oiinoe. Iaoa?eae ?anniao?eaaaiie aeaoaee - nieaa n ieceei eiyooeoeeaioii eeiaeiiai ?anoe?aiey 32 IEAe (AINO 14082-78). Aeey iaa K=0.8, a Eii=0.5. Iieacaoaeue neiaeiinoe eiino?oeoeee aeaoaee (Ene). Oaaee/aiea naaanoieiinoe iieo/aaiie iaoiaeaie ia?aaioee ?acaieai aeaoaee aneaaenoaea oaeeeiaiey oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna aa ecaioiaeaiey o/eouaaaony iieacaoaeai neiaeiinoe eiino?oeoeee aeaoaee, ii?aaeaeaiiii a aeaea: Ene=0,25*(Ee+E?+Ea+En), aaea Ee, E?, Ea, En - eiyooeoeeaiou, ii?aaeaeyaiua eae Ei=1-Ai, i?e/ai Ai - ooi/iaiey. Eiyooeoeeaio Ee caaeneo io eiee/anoaa iiaa?oiinoae ia enoiaeiie caaioiaea, n eioi?uo oaeaeyaony no?oaeea i?e ecaioiaeaiee aeaoaee. Eiiiaeie?iaaiiua iiaa?oiinoe, ia?acoaiua ca iaeei ?aai/ee oiae iaeiei eino?oiaioii, iiaoo auoue o/oaiu a ea/anoaa iaeiie iiaa?oiinoe. Ninoaaei oaaeeoeo: Oaae. 3. iia. ?Oi?iaRa, ieiIT?acia?, iiAeae ia?aaioeeAeii. o?aaiaaieyI?ei.1. Oeeeeiae?1,6625,6oi/aieaiao2. Eiion1,6120,2oi/aieaiao3. Ieineinoue0,40121oi/aieaaea4. Oeeeeiae?1,6912oi/aieaaea5. Oeeeeiae?1,677,8oi/aieaaea6. Oeeeeiae?1,6128oi/aieaiao7. Oeeeeiae?1,689oi/aieaaea8. Eiion1,6120,4oi/aieaiao9. Ieineinoue0,20125,4oi/aieaaea10. Eiion1,6120,2oi/aieaiao11. Eiion1,6625,6oi/aieaiao12. Eiion1,6120,15oi/aieaiao13. Ieineinoue1,61212,4o?aca?iaaieaiao14. Ieineinoue1,6126,8o?aca?iaaieaiao15. Oeeeeiae?1,6121,25o?aca?iaaieaiao16. Ieineinoue1,6124,2o?aca?iaaieaaea17. Oeeeeiae?1,6100,5Naa?eaieaiao18. Eiion1,6120,2Naa?eaieaiao19. Oeeeeiae?1,6121,4Naa?eaieaiao20. Eiion1,6120,2Naa?eaieaiao21. Oeeeeiae?1,6122,3o?aca?iaaieaaea22. Ieineinoue1,6122,3o?aca?iaaieaaea23. Ieineinoue1,6122,3o?aca?iaaieaaea24. Ieineinoue1,691,2o?aca?iaaieaiao25. Oeeeeiae?1,6120,6o?aca?iaaieaiao26. Ieineinoue1,61211,2o?aca?iaaieaiao27. Oeeeeiae?1,6122naa?eaieaiao28. Eiion1,6120,2naa?eaieaiao29. Ieineinoue0,40121oi/aieaaea Iiaa?oiinoe 1, 4 ia?aciaaiu iaeiia?aiaiii iaeiei eino?oiaioii - ?acoeii; iiaa?oiinoe 3, 9, - ia?aciaaiu iaeiia?aiaiii iaeiei eino?oiaioii - ?acoeii: iiaa?oiinoe 21, 22, 23 - ia?aciaaiu iaeiia?aiaiii iaeiei eino?oiaioii - o?acie: iiaa?oiinoe 14, 15, - ia?aciaaiu iaeiia?aiaiii iaeiei eino?oiaioii - o?acie: iiaa?oiinoe 24, 25 ,26 - ia?aciaaiu iaeiia?aiaiii iaeiei eino?oiaioii - o?acie: oiaaea eiee/anoai o/eouaaaiuo iiaa?oiinoae ?aaii 22, iii aieueoa 20, e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, A1=0.2 Eiyooeoeeaio E? o/eouaaao iauaa eiee/anoai caaeaiiuo ia /a?oaaea aeaiiuo ii iaania/aieth o?aaoaiuo oi/iinoae oi?iu e acaeiiiai ?aniieiaeaiey iiaa?oiinoae a i?aaeaeao 0,05 ii. E aeaiiie aeaoaee i?aaeuyaeaii 7 o?aaiaaiee Yoi o?aaiaaiey ii ieineinoyi ?3,29,9,7,21-23,5. Cia/eo A2=0,4. Eiyooeoeeaio Ea o/eouaaao eiee/anoai ?acee/iuo aeaeia ia?aaioee ?acaieai (oaoiieiae/aneeo iia?aoi?ia). Oae eae aeey iieo/aiey aeaiiie aeaoaee iaiaoiaeeiu naa?eaiea, oi/aiea, o?aca?iaaiea - o?e aeaea ia?aaioee ?acaieai, oi anoue aieueoa 2 aeaeia, oi A3=0,1. Eiyooeoeeaio En o/eouaaao niioaaonoaey oi/iinoe e oa?ioiaaoinoe iiaa?oiinoae aeaoaee iaeioi?ui iioeiaeueiui aaee/eiai, iiae eioi?uie iiae?acoiaaathony ?aeiiaiaeoaiua a ea/anoaa yeiiiie/iinoe e eiino?oeoeaii iainiiaaiiua aaee/eiu. Aaee/eia A, aoiaeyuay a au?aaeaiea, aeey yoiai eiyooeoeeaioa ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea: , aaea N - iauaa eiee/anoai ia?aaaouaaaiuo ?acaieai iiaa?oiinoae aeaoaee: mj - eiee/anoai cii, ia eioi?ia ia?aiao? Ra aeey j-ie iiaa?oiinoe ionoieo io iioeiaeueiiai ni/aoaiey. Iiaa?oiinoe 6, 8, 10, 13, 14-23, 25-28 niaeanii iiieiaeueiui ?acia?ai (aei 18 ii) e eaaeeoaoai (IT10, IT12) aeieaeiu auee iiiaaeaoue a ciio 2 (Ra=6,3 iei), iaeiaei e iei i?eeiaeaii o?aaiaaiea oa?ioiaaoinoe Ra=1,6 iei, oi anoue iie iiiaaeatho a 4 ciio. ?acieoea iaaeaeo ciiaie = 2, cia/eo mj=2 aeey j=6, 8, 10, 13, 14-23, 25-28. Iiaa?oiinoe 2, 12 niaeanii iiieiaeueiui ?acia?ai (18-30ii) e eaaeeoaoo (IT12) aeieaeiu auee iiiaaeaoue a ciio 2 (Ra=6,3 iei), iaeiaei e iei i?eeiaeaii o?aaiaaiea oa?ioiaaoinoe Ra=1,6 iei, oi anoue iie iiiaaeatho a 4 ciio niaeanii ia?aiao?o oa?ioiaaoinoe. ?acieoea iaaeaeo ciiaie = 2, cia/eo mj=2 aeey j=2,12. Iiaa?oiinoue 1 niaeanii iiieiaeueiiio ?acia?o (aei 30 ii) e eaaeeoaoo (IT6) aeieaeia iiiaaeaoue a ciio 4 (Ra=1,6 iei), iaeiaei e iae i?eeiaeaii o?aaiaaiea oa?ioiaaoinoe Ra=1,6 iei, oi anoue iia iiiaaeaao a 4 ciio. ?acieoea iaaeaeo ciiaie = 0, cia/eo mj=0 aeey j=4. Iiaa?oiinoe 3, 29 niaeanii iiieiaeueiiio ?acia?o (aei 30 ii) e eaaeeoaoo (IT12) aeieaeiu auee iiiaaeaoue a ciio 2 (Ra=6,3 iei), iaeiaei e iei i?eeiaeaii o?aaiaaiea oa?ioiaaoinoe Ra=0,40 iei, oi anoue iie iiiaaeatho a 5 ciio ii ia?aiao?o oa?ioiaaoinoe. ?acieoea iaaeaeo ciiaie 3, cia/eo mj=3 aeey j=3, 29. Iiaa?oiinoe 4, 7, 9, 24 niaeanii iiieiaeueiiio ?acia?o (aei 18 ii) e eaaeeoaoo (IT8, IT9) aeieaeiu auee iiiaaeaoue a ciio 3 (Ra=3,2 iei), iaeiaei e iei i?eeiaeaii o?aaiaaiea oa?ioiaaoinoe Ra=1,6 iei, oi anoue iie iiiaaeatho a 4 ciio ii ia?aiao?o oa?ioiaaoinoe. ?acieoea iaaeaeo ciiaie 1, cia/eo mj=1 aeey j=4, 7, 9, 24. Iiaa?oiinoe 5, 11 niaeanii iiieiaeueiiio ?acia?o (aei 18 ii) e eaaeeoaoo (IT6, IT7) aeieaeiu auee iiiaaeaoue a ciio 5 (Ra=0,8 iei), iaeiaei e iei i?eeiaeaii o?aaiaaiea oa?ioiaaoinoe Ra=1,6 iei, oi anoue iie iiiaaeatho a 4 ciio ii ia?aiao?o oa?ioiaaoinoe. ?acieoea iaaeaeo ciiaie 0, cia/eo mj=0 aeey j=5, 11. Eoae: =0,1*(18*2+2*2+1*0+2*3+4*1+2*0)=5 Oae eae iii?aaea ia iiaeao auoue aieueoa 1, i?eieiaai A4=1. Neaaeiaaoaeueii: Ee=1-A1=1-0,2=0,8 E?=1-A2=1-0,4=0,6 Ea=1-A3=1-0,1=0,9 En=1-A4=1-1=0 Eoiai : Ene=0,25(0,8+0,6+0,9+0)=0,575 Eiyooeoeeaio oi/iinoe e oa?ioiaaoinoe iiaa?oiinoe aeaoaee (Eiia). A iaeaieueoae noaiaie iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?eiaiaiey iaoiaea ia?aaioee ?acaieai i/aaeaeia i?e ecaioiaeaiee aeaoaeae, eiino?oeoeey eioi?uo i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaee/ea iaeiie-aeaoo iiaa?oiinoae, eiathueo aunieea o?aaiaaiey ii oi/iinoe e oa?ioiaaoinoe. Oaeea aeaoaee iacuaathony i?aoeaceiiiuie. Noaiaiue aic?anoaiey o?oaeiaieinoe ecaioiaeaiey aeaoaeae ca n/ao ia?aaioee i?aoeaceiiiuo iiaa?oiinoae, a, neaaeiaaoaeueii, nieaeaiey oaoiieiae/iinoe eiino?oeoeee, o/eouaaaony eiyooeoeeaioii oi/iinoe e oa?ioiaaoinoe iiaa?oiinoe Eiia. Iiaa?oiinoe 6, 8, 10, 13, 14-23, 25-28 ii iiieiaeueiui ?acia?ai e eaaeeoaoai iiiaaeatho a ciio 4, a eo oa?ioiaaoinoue caaeaia eae Ra=1,6 iei. I?e oaeii ni/aoaiee ia?aiao?ia iie iiiaaeatho a ca/a?eioooth eeaoeo. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, Eiia=0,7. Iiaa?oiinoue ?9 ii iiieiaeueiui ?acia?ai e eaaeeoaoai iiiaaeatho a ciio 5, a eo oa?ioiaaoinoue caaeaia eae Ra=0,20iei. Aeey oaeiai ni/aoaiey ia?aiao?ia Eiia=0,5. Aa?ai iaeiaiueoaa ec iieo/aiiuo cia/aiee. Oae eae Eiia=0,5 oi aeaoaeue i?aoeaceiiiay. Iieacaoaeue oieoeeaoeee yeaiaioia (Eoy). Ana iiaa?oiinoe aeaiiie aeaoaee iiaeii n/eoaoue oieoeoee?iaaiiuie. Ii oi?ioea Ny =29 oo. - iauaa eiee/anoai eiino?oeoeaiuo yeaiaioia a aeaoaee: Noy=29 oo. - eiee/anoai oieoeoee?iaaiiuo eiino?oeoeaiuo yeaiaioia: n=0 oo. - eiee/anoai iaoieoeoee?iaaiiuo yeaiaioia. Oaeei ia?acii: Eoy=29/29-0=1 Iieacaoaeue eniieueciaaiey iaoa?eaea (Eei). Yoio eiyooeoeeaio ii?aaeaeyaony ii niioiioaieth . Ianna iieo/aaiie aeaoaee niaeanii enoiaeiiio /a?oaaeo ?aaia 10 a?aii. Caaioiaeie neoaeeo i?ooie aeeaiao?a 30 ii noaee 32 IEAe (AINO 14082-78). Ia iaeio caaioiaeo ooiaeeo 10ii i?ooea. Ianno oaeie caaioiaee ?ann/eoaai ii oi?ioea: M=**D2*l/4,aaea D=30ii - aeeaiao? aeenea L=10 ii - aunioa aeenea Vaeao.=192,685ii3 Vcaa.=2250ii3 Eei=192,685/2250= 0,09 Naaaeai ana aeaiiua a iauoth oaaeeoeo 4. Iaeiaiiaaiea /anoiiai iieacaoaey oaoiieiae/iinoeIaicia/aieaAaniaua eiyooeoeeaiou*eneaiiia cia/aiea1.Iieacaoaeue ia?aaaouaaaiinoe iaoa?eaea.Eii0,80,52.Iieacaoaeue neiaeiinoe eiino?oeoeee aeaoaee.Ene0,70,5753.Eiyooeoeeaio oi/iinoe e oa?ioiaaoinoe iiaa?oiinoae aeaoaee.Eiia0,60,54.Iieacaoaeue oieoeeaoeee eiino?oeoeaiuo yeaiaioia.Eoy0,71,05.Iieacaoaeue eniieueciaaiey iaoa?eaeaEei1,00,09Eiiieaeniue iieacaoaeue oaoiieiae/iinoe0.5 A ?acoeueoaoa iieo/eee, /oi eiyooeoeeaio oaoiieiae/iinoe iaiueoa ii?iaoeaiiai iieacaoaey oaoiieiae/iinoe aeey aeaiiie aeaoaee (ii oaae. 2 - i?i/ea aeaoaee, i?aoeaceiiiua). Aeey iiauoaiey oaoiieiae/iinoe iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue: Aoaeai iieo/aoue caaioiaeo iaoiaeii iauaiiie ooaiiiaee e eiaee. ?an/ao eiiieaeniiai eiyooeoeeaioa oaoiieiae/iinoe i?e eniieueciaaiee iaoiaea oieiaeiie iauaiiie ooaiiiaee. Iaeiaiiaaiea /anoiiai iieacaoaey oaoiieiae/iinoeCia/aiey iieaccaoaeae aeey aeaiiie caaioiaeeAe1Ia?aaaouaaaiinoue iaoa?eaeaAieaa 0,20,002Eciaiaiea ieiuaaee iiia?a/iiai na/aiey ii aeeeia caaioiaeeiaiaa, /ai a 3 ?aca0,003Niioaaonoaea yeaiaioia eiino?oeoeee ccaaioiaee i?aaeeai iieo/aiey iauaiii-ooaiiiaaiiuo caaioiaieAiciiaeii iaania/eoue iieiinoueth0,004Neiiao?e/iinoue caaioiaee iaoa?eaeaIoiineoaeueii 2-o inae0,105Eiyooeoeeaio neiaeiinoe oi?i aeaoaee, ?aaiue ioiioaieth iauaia aeaoaee e iauaio ioaaouaathuaai aa oeeeeiae?aIo 1 aei 0,630,00Ecaa=1-Ae=0,9. Eei.=Iae/Ic=0,17. E?ac=0,52. Eo=(0,52+0,9)/2=0,71. Aeaiiue eiyooeoeeaio oaeiaeaoai?yao ii?iaoeaiui o?aaiaaieyi. Ia?o?ooiay ea?oa. ?Iaeiaiiaaiea e niaea?aeaiea iia?aoeeeIai?oaeiaaieaI?eniiniaeaieyEino?oiaio035Oiea?iay. Ia?aoiae 1. Naa?eaiea 1. Naa?eeoue aeeaiao? 6+0,2 niaeanii yneeca. Ia?aoiae 2,3. Oi/aiea /enoiaia. 2. Oi/eoue aeeaiao? 12f9 niaeanii yneeca. 3. Auaea?aeaoue ?acia? 1,2H9 Ia?aoiae 4,5 Oi/aiea /enoiaia 4. ?anoi/eoue aeeaiao? 7,5+0,05 niaeanii yneeca 5. Oi/eoue aeeaiao? 25,6h6 niaeanii yneeca. Noaiie oiea?iue SchaublinIao?ii naiioeaio?e?othuee o?aoeoea/eiaue AINO 2675-71 Oeaiaiaay ii?aaeaNaa?ei 5 ?acaoe iiae?aciie, AINO 18871-73. ?acaoe ?anoi/iie AINO 18882-73 ?acaoe iiae?aciie040O?aca?iay. Ia?aoiae 1 1. Iaiaoeoue ioaa?noea aeeaiao?ii 5 niaeanii yneeca Ia?aoiae 2 2. O?aca?iaaoue ieii 6,6H12 ia 4,2H12 niaeanii yneeca . Ia?aoiae 3 3. O?aca?iaaoue iac 2,3H12 niaeanii yneecaNoaiie aa?oeeaeueii-o?aca?iue OON 6175Ii?aaea o?aca?iayNaa?ei 5 O?aca eiioeaaay 1,2 AINO 17025-71055Aeiaiaei/iay iia?aoeey. Noaiie aeiaiaei/iue aeeneiaue 3803I?aaeeueiia eieueoei(3oo.) a?oc niaoeeaeueiue (3oo.)Ianoa aeiaciay 075Oeeoiaaeueiay. Ia?aoiae 1 1. Onoaiiaeoue ia ii?aaeo io 7,8H7 n iii?ie a i?eoa?oue oi?aoe. 2. Iiaeaeaoue oeaio?ii. 3. Ueeoiaaoue aei 12f9 niaeanii yneeca. 4. Oeeoiaaoue aei 25,6H6 niaeanii yneeca.Noaiie oeeoiaaeueiue Ii?aaea oeeoiaaeueiayE?oa oeeoiaaeueiue090Oiea?iay. Ia?aoiae 1 1. Onoaiiaeoue ia ii?aaeo io 7,8h7 n iii?ie ia i?eoa?oue oi?aoe oeaioea. 2. E?aieoue iaeeaeiie aaeeie. 3. Ia?aaaouaaoue niaeanii i.3 /a?oaaea 4. Iiae?acaoue oi?aoe nooieoeu niaeanii /a?oaaeo Ia?aoiae 2 1. ?anoi/eoue auoi/ee 8H12, 9F8 niaeanii /a?oaaeo, auaea?aeeaay ?acia? 5,4h12 e 2,6h9. Ia?aoiae 3 1. Niyoue oaneo 0,2x45 e i?eooieoue ino?ua e?iieeNoaiie oiea?iue SchaublinIi?aaea oiea?iay niaoeeaeueiay?acaoe iiae?aciie, AINO 18871-73. ?acaoe ?anoi/iie AINO 18871-73.INO 4010-77 ?acaoe iiae?aciie, AINO 18871-73.130Eiio?ieueiay Onoaiiaeoue a eiio?ieueiia i?eniiniaeaiea. I?iaa?eoue ioeeiiaiey io ia?aeeaeueiinoeEiio?ieueiia i?eniiniaeaiea?an/ao i?eioneia e i?iiaaeooi/iuo ?acia?ia. Ia?o?oo ia?aaioee aeeaiao?a ???I8Yeaiaiou i?eionea, iei?an/aoiua aaee/eiuAeiione ia auiieiyaiua ?acia?u, ieiI?eiyoua (ieii/aoaeueiua) ?acia?u caaioiaee ii ia?aoiaeaiI?aaeaeueiue i?eione, iei12345678910111213Rzhp?i?eionea ZiDminDmaxITDmaxDminZimaxZimini?iaeaea/au?oaea320300400--14,27214,702430 14,70214,272--/a?iiaia oi/aiea10010024-204016,31216,49218016,49216,31217902040iieo/enoiaia oi/aiea505020-44816,7616,8711016,8716,76378448/enoiaia oi/aiea252516-2401717,0272717,0271715724023252728I?eione - neie iaoa?eaea, oaeaeyaiue n iiaa?oiinoe caaioiaee a oeaeyo aeinoeaeaiey caaeaiiuo naienoa ia?aaaouaaaiie iiaa?oiinoe aeaoaee. I?eione ia ia?aaioeo iiaeao auoue iacia/ai ii niioaaonoaothuei ni?aai/iui oaaeeoeai, AINOai eee ia iniiaa ?an/aoii-aiaeeoe/aneiai iaoiaea ii?aaeaeaiey i?eioneia. I?e ia?aeeaeueiie ia?aaioea i?ioeaieaaeaueo iiaa?oiinoae (aeaonoi?iiiee i?eione) , i?e ia?aaioea ia?oaeiuo e aioo?aiieo iiaa?oiinoae (aeaonoi?iiiee i?eione) , caeanue Rzi-1 -aunioa ia?iaiinoae i?ioeey ia i?aaeoanoaothuai ia?aoiaea; hi-1 - aeoaeia aeaoaeoiiai iiaa?oiinoiiai neiy ia i?aaeoanoaothuai ia?aoiaea; ?i-1 - noiia?iua ioeeiiaiey ?aniieiaeaiey iiaa?oiinoe (ioeeiiaiey io ia?aeeaeueiinoe, ia?iaiaeeeoey?iinoe, niiniinoe, neiiao?e/iinoe, ia?ana/aiey inae, iiceoeeiiiia) e a iaeioi?uo neo/ayo ioeeiiaiea oi?iu iiaa?oiinoe (ioeeiiaiea io ieineinoiinoe, i?yiieeiaeiinoe ia i?aaeoanoaothuai ia?aoiaea) ?i - iia?aoiinoue onoaiiaee caaioiaee ia auiieiyaiii ia?aoiaea. Ii?yaeie auiieiaiey ?an/aoa 1. I?inoaaeyai a oaaeeoea (eieiiea ?9) aeiionee ia aeeaiao? ????aeey anao iia?aoeee ii eaaeeoaoai oi/iinoe. i?iaeaea/au?oaea - IT14 /a?iiaia oi/aiea - IT12 iieo/enoiaia oi/aiea - IT11 /enoiaia oi/aiea - IT8 2. I?inoaaeyai a eieiieao ?2 e ?3 cia/aiey oa?ioiaaoinoae Rz e aeoaeiu aeaoaeoiiai neiy h aeey anao iia?aoeee. 3. Iaoiaeei ioeeiiaiea oi?iu iiaa?oiinoe 1 iia?aoeee. A nayce n i?iaeaeie/au?oaeie aoaeao ia?aciauaaoueny eiioniinoue, eioi?ay ianeaaeoaony ia anao aeaeueiaeoeo oaoiieiae/aneeo ia?aoiaeao. Aaee/eia eiioniinoe (a % io S - oieueiu eenoa, i?e S =4 ii): i?iaeaea/au?oaea - 10% = 400 iei iei Iaoiaeei i?ino?ainoaaiiia ioeeiiaiea p = Ko* aeey ioaeaeueiuo iia?aoeee (Eo - eiyo. ooi/iaiey, ii [2], n. 190, oaae. 29) e i?inoaaeyai a oaaeeoea (eieiiea ?4) /a?iiaia oi/aiea - ?=0.06*400=24 iei iieo/enoiaia oi/aiea - ?=0.05*400=20 iei /enoiaia oi/aiea - ?=0.04*400=16 iei 4. Iaoiaeei i?eionee ii iia?aoeeyi: /a?iiaia oi/aiea - z1=2040 iei iieo/enoiaia oi/aiea - z2=448 iei /enoiaia oi/aiea - z3=240 iei I?inoaaeyai aeaiiua a oaaeeoeo (eieiiea ?6) 5.Iaoiaeei Dimin = D(i+1)min - Z(i+1). I?inoaaeyai aeaiiua a oaaeeoeo (eieiiea ?7) 6.Iaoiaeei Dimax= Dimin + ITi. I?inoaaeyai aeaiiua a oaaeeoeo (eieiiea ?8). 7. Ie?oaeyai cia/aiey Dimin e Dimax n oie oi/iinoueth, n eioi?ie caaeai ia enoiaeiii /a?oaaea o?aaoaiue ?acia?. I?inoaaeyai aeaiiua a oaaeeoeo (eieiiee ?10, ?11). 8. Iaoiaeei i?aaeaeueiua i?eionee zimin e zimax: zimin = D(i+1)min - Dimin (eieiiea ?13) zimax = D(i+1)max - Dimax (eieiiea ?12) Iaoiaeei noiia?iua i?aaeaeueiua i?eionee zimin =2728 iei e zimax = 2325 iei. 9. I?iaa?ea: zimin - zimax = Ocaa -Oaeao 2728 - 2325 = 430 - 27 403 = 403 ?an/aou i?eioneia e i?iiaaeooi/iuo ?acia?ia auiieiaiu i?aaeeueii. Ia?o?oo ia?aaioee aeeaiao?a ?42h14Yeaiaiou i?eionea, iei?an/aoiua aaee/eiuAeiione ia auiieiyaiua ?acia?u, ieiI?eiyoua (ieii/aoaeueiua) ?acia?u caaioiaee ii ia?aoiaeaiI?aaeaeueiue i?eione, iei12345678910111213Rzhp?i?eionea ZiDminDmaxITDmaxDminZimaxZimini?iaeaea/au?oaea320300400--43,4244,4210004 4,4243,42--/a?iiaia oi/aiea10010024-204041,38426204241,3824202040 I?iaa?ea: zimax - zimin = Tcaa -Oaeao 2420 - 2040 = 1000 - 620 380 = 380 ?an/aou i?eioneia e i?iiaaeooi/iuo ?acia?ia auiieiaiu i?aaeeueii. Ia?o?oo ia?aaioee oi?oeaaie iiaa?oiinoe 3h14Yeaiaiou i?eionea, iei?an/aoiua aaee/eiuAeiione ia auiieiyaiua ?acia?u, ieiI?eiyoua (ieii/aoaeueiua) ?acia?u caaioiaee ii ia?aoiaeaiI?aaeaeueiue i?eione, iei12345678910111213Rzhp?i?eionea ZiLminLmaxITLmaxLminZimaxZimini?ieao200200--3,153,372203,373,15--/a?iiai a oi/aiea100100-4002,75325032,75370400I?iaa?ea: zimax - zimin = Tcaa - Oaeao 370 - 400 = 220 - 250 -30 = -30 ?an/aou i?eioneia e i?iiaaeooi/iuo ?acia?ia auiieiaiu i?aaeeueii. Ia ana inoaeueiua iiaa?oiinoe iia?aoeeiiiua i?eionee i?eieiathony aiaeiae/iuie. ?an/ao ?aaeeiia ?acaiey. Aeoaeia ?acaiey t: i?e /a?iiaie ia?aaioea (i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie) iacia/atho ii aiciiaeiinoe iaeneiaeueioth t, ?aaioth anaio i?eioneo ia ia?aaioeo eee aieueoae /anoe aai; i?e /enoiaie (ieii/aoaeueiie) ia?aaioea - a caaeneiinoe io ?acia?ia e oa?ioiaaoinoe ia?aaioaiiie iiaa?oiinoe. Iiaea/a S: i?e /a?iiaie ia?aaioea auae?atho iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeioth iiaea/o, enoiaey ec aeanoeinoe e i?i/iinoe nenoaiu NIEAe, iiuiinoe i?eaiaea noaiea, i?i/iinoe oaa?aeinieaaiie ieanoeiee e ae?oaeo ia?aie/eaathueo oaeoi?ia; i?e /enoiaie ia?aaioea - a caaeneiinoe io o?aaoaiie oi/iinoe e oa?ioiaaoinoe ia?aaioaiiie iiaa?oiinoe. Nei?inoue ?acaiey v: ?ann/eouaatho ii yiie?e/aneei oi?ioeai, onoaiiaeaiiui aeey eaaeaeiai aeaea ia?aaioee, eioi?ua eiatho iauee aeae . Cia/aiey eiyooeoeeaioa Nv e iieacaoaeae noaiaie, niaea?aeaueny a yoeo oi?ioeao, oae aea eae e ia?eiaea noieeinoe O eino?oiaioa, i?eiaiyaiiai aeey aeaiiiai aeaea ia?aaioee, i?eaaaeaiu a oaaeeoeao aeey eaaeaeiai aeaea ia?aaioee. Au/eneaiiay nei?inoue ?acaiey o/eouaaao eiie?aoiua aeoaeiu ?acaiey, iiaea/e e noieeinoe e aeaenoaeoaeueia i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oaaee/iuo cia/aieyo ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia. Iiyoiio aeey iieo/aiey aeaenoaeoaeueiiai cia/aiey nei?inoe ?acaiey v n o/aoii eiie?aoiuo oiiiyioouo oaeoi?ia aaiaeeony iii?aai/iue eiyooeoeeaio Ev. Oiaaea aeaenoaeoaeueiay nei?inoue ?acaiey v=voa*Ev, aaea Ev - i?iecaaaeaiea ?yaea eiyooeoeeaioia. Aaaeiaeoeie ec ieo, iaueie aeey anao aeaeia ia?aaioee, yaeythony: Eiv - eiyooeoeeaio, o/eouaathuee ea/anoai ia?aaaouaaiiai iaoa?eaea; Aeey nieaaa 32IEAe: Eiv =0,5(i?e ia?aaioea ?acoeaie ec auno?i?aaeouae noaee; Eiv=1.22 i?e ia?aaioea o?acaie. Eiv - eiyooeoeeaio, io?aaeathuee ninoiyiea iiaa?oiinoe caaioiaee; Eiv = 0.9 aeey caaioiaee ec i?ieaoa. Eev - eiyooeoeeaio, o/eouaaathuee ea/anoai iaoa?eaea eino?oiaioa. Eev = 1,0 aeey eino?oiaioaeueiiai iaoa?eaea aeey O15E6. Noieeinoue O - ia?eiae ?aaiou eino?oiaioa aei caooieaiey, i?eaiaeeiue aeey ?acee/iuo aeaeia ia?aaioee, niioaaonoaoao iaeiieino?oiaioiie ia?aaioee. ?ann/eoaai ?aaeeiu ?acaiey. ?anoa/eaaiea. Aeeaiao? ioaa?noey a caaioiaea 7,8H7. ?aaeei, auaea?aeeaaaiue ?acia??aaeei ?acaieyIia?aoiinoue aace?iaaieyt, iis, ii/iav, i/iei[]/a?iiaia oi/aiea, 7,0I1220,455-iieo/enoiaia oi/., 7,5I910,560-/enoiaia oi/aiea, 7,8I70,30,0560- Oi/aiea. Aeeaiao? caaioiaee 12f9. ?aaeei, auaea?aeeaaaiue ?acia??aaeei ?acaieyIia?aoiinoue aace?iaaieyt, iis, ii/iav, i/iei[]/a?iiaia oi/aiea, 13,f1220,540-iieo/enoiaia oi/., 12,5f90,50,560-/enoiaia oi/aiea, 12f90,30,560- O?aca?iaaiea ieia ?acia?ii 6,6H12x4,2H12 eiioeaaie o?acie ?aaeei, auaea?aeeaaaiue ?acia??aaeei ?acaieyIia?aoiinoue aace?iaaieyt, iis, ii/iav, i/iei[]/a?iiaia o?aca?iaaiea, 6,6H12, 4,2H12, 7, 1,50,0115- Naa?eaiea ioaa?noey 6+0,2. ?aaeei, auaea?aeeaaaiue ?acia??aaeei ?acaieyIia?aoiinoue aace?iaaieyt, iis, ii/iav, i/iei[]Naa?eaiea 610,240- O?aca?iaaiea iaca oe?eiie 2,3H12 eiioeaaie o?acie ?aaeei, auaea?aeeaaaiue ?acia??aaeei ?acaieyIia?aoiinoue aace?iaaieyt, iisz, ii/coav, i/iei[]Oe?eia 2,3H12, 5,71,50,0115- IicIaicia/aieaIaeiaiiaaieaEieI?eia-/aieaAeaoaee1Ieeoa12Noieea13Caaeei14I eeoa oa?e?iaaiiay1Noaiaea?oiua ecaeaeey5Iee?iiao? /aniaiai oeia E*-101106Aeio I6o20 AINO 1491-5817Aeio I8 AINO 1491-5818Aeio I10 AINO 1491-58Eo?niaie i?iaeo EciEeno .N aeieoiaioaIiaeienueAeaoa ?ac?aa.Ae?iaiaicEeoa?a. EenoEenoia I?iaa?.Ecia?eoaeueiia i?eniiniaeaiea Ooa. Nienie eeoa?aoo?u. 1. Naaaoaeyi A. ?., ?oaeaiei I. ?., Iaca?ia I. A. Aiaeec oaoiieiae/iinoe eiino?oeoeee aeaoaeae i?eai?ia, ecaioiaeaiiuo iaoiaeaie ia?aaioee iaoa?eaeia ?acaieai. CAI Eioi?i-ciaiea MSC, I. 1995. 2. Ni?aai/iee oaoiieiaa-iaoeiino?ieoaey a 2 oiiao. Oii 1. (iiae ?aaeaeoeeae e.o.i. Eineeiaie A. A. e Iaua?aeiaa ?. E.) I., Iaoeiino?iaiea, 1985. 3. Ni?aai/iee oaoiieiaa-iaoeiino?ieoaey a 2 oiiao. Oii 2. (iiae ?aaeaeoeeae e.o.i. Eineeiaie A. A. e Iaua?aeiaa ?. E.) I., Iaoeiino?iaiea, 1985. 4. Oeuaiei I. O., Aanaeiaa A. A., Ia?ueiaa I. E. Ioi?ieaiea ?aai/eo /a?oaaeae aeaoaeae e oceia. I., IAOO, 1986. 5. Coaoeia I. A., Ci?ei I. E. Ooaiiiaea-au?oaea e?oiiiaaaa?eoiuo aeaoaeae. I., Iaoaec, 1955. 6. Aaee?ia ?. E., Na?aa?aieoeeee I. I. I?ia?aiie?iaaiea ia?aaioee ia noaieao n *IO. I., Iaoe?ino?iaiea, 1990. 7. Aaee?ia ?. E. E?aoeee ni?aai/iee eiino?oeoi?a. Eaieia?aae, Iaoe?ino?iaiea, 1983. 8. Eaaei E. ss. Ni?aai/iee eiino?oeoi?a oi/iuo i?eai?ia. I., Iai?iiaec, 1962. 9. Iauaoaoie/aneee ni?aai/iee. (iiae ?aaeaeoeeae e. o. i. Nei?ioiaeiaa A. A.) I., Iaoeiino?iaiea, 1989. |
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